Darwin's Evolution
The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation opened Darwin's Evolution, an exhibition celebrating Charles Darwin's 200th birthday on February 12th, 2009. Darwin's Evolution also commemorates the 150th anniversary of the publication of his masterpiece, The Origin of Species. It will remain opened until May, 24th.
The exhibition will present Darwin's theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, one of the most important achievements in science. Evolution and Natural Selection allowed Darwin to explain the diversity of life, and its exquisite adaptations to the surrounding environment. Darwin's Evolution will trace the development of Biology, from its roots in Renaissance Natural History to modern advances in Genetics.
Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 - 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who realised and demonstrated that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection. The fact that evolution occurs became accepted by the scientific community and much of the general public in his lifetime, while his theory of natural selection came to be widely seen as the primary explanation of the process of evolution in the 1930s, and now forms the basis of modern evolutionary theory. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, providing logical explanation for the diversity of life.
At Edinburgh University Darwin neglected medical studies to investigate marine invertebrates, then the University of Cambridge encouraged a passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author. Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin investigated the transmutation of species and conceived his theory of natural selection in 1838. Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his geological work had priority. He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories.
His 1859 book On the Origin of Species established evolutionary descent with modification as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. His research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, he examined earthworms and their effect on soil.
In recognition of Darwin's pre-eminence, he was one of only five 19th-century UK non-royal personages to be honoured by a state funeral, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, close to John Herschel and Isaac Newton.
Darwin's Evolution will include a rich event schedule, including two conference series featuring Portuguese and international scholars, an educational program open to all primary and secondary schools, and a daily discussion of Biology and Evolution at this Blog.
This exhibition incorporates elements of DARWIN, an exhibition organized by the American Museum of Natural History, New York (www.amnh.org), in collaboration with Museum of Science, Boston, The Field Museum, Chicago, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Natural History Museum, London.
